Drugs and Addiction
Prolonged drug use produces compulsive seeking of the drugs. Drugs affect the functioning of the brains' functioning, and that has behavioral implications on the drug addict. Drug addiction leads to chronic relapses, which may lead a person to face problems of disconnection. Prescription drugs are becoming the most abused drug types regardless of the negative influences they produce to the lives and behavior of users. University students in America adapt to illegal use of prescription drugs like Adderall, piracetam and modafinil in search of increased intelligence.

The controversy behind the use of drugs like Adderall is based on the ethical influence on others with relation to effects its use has on addicts. The controversy behind Adderall use comes from the fact that it helps users in enhancing their concentration, while at the same time; it produces negative characteristics on users. As this paper discusses the addictive use of drugs,…...

A room in a house or a basement can become manufacturing laboratory for methamphetamine easier than a closet in a city apartment. Similarly, access to cocaine and other illicit substances may be easier in inner cities, which are usually ports of entry for foreign and regional cartels. Demand for methamphetamine may be linked to the availability of other substances in urban centers.
If access to cocaine, heroin, and other drugs is limited in rural areas then it is also likely that the prevalence of methamphetamine in rural regions is linked to consumer demand. Manufacturing methamphetamine is relatively simple, and in some ways easier than traveling to a distant city to procure drugs. The drug is also fairly inexpensive to make yet can supplement incomes through its sale on the black market. Drug and alcohol abuse is relatively common in rural areas, even those with few cocaine or heroin problems ("Meth…...

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References

Brain, PF & Coward, GA (1989). A review of the history, actions, and legitimate uses of cocaine. J Subst Abuse 1(4):431-51. Retrieved Feb 1, 2009 at  http://www.cocaine.org/history/review.html 

Brecher, E.M. (1972). Nineteenth-century America - a "dope fiend's paradise." The Consumers Union Report on Licit and Illicit Drugs. Retrieved Feb 1, 2009 at  http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/Library/studies/cu/cu1.html 

Burnett, L.B. & Adler, J. (2008). Toxicity, cocaine. Retrieved Feb 1, 2009 at  http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/813959-overview 

Cauchon, D. (1999). Zero-tolerance policies lack flexibility. USA Today. Retrieved Feb 1, 2009 at  http://www.usatoday.com/educate/ednews3.htm

The government regulating of drugs use is one of those elements which are somewhat affected by such an approach. The government regulates both illegal and legal drugs in order to both maximize profits for American companies and minimize profits for foreign capitol. There are strict regulations on pharmaceuticals within the country. Also, many people posit money leaving American hands as a major underlying cause of the government's regulations of what is know known as illegal substances. If such narcotics such as marijuana and opium were to be legalized within the United States, it would not be the government who was making the biggest chunk of profit of sales. Because the majority of these drugs are grown overseas, that money would also therefore go overseas. In order to keep a monopoly on legal drugs, the government may have had a hidden agenda while drafting legislation which deemed other drugs illegal.
2b.…...

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References

Ksir, Charles, Hart, Carl L., Ray, Oakley. Drugs, Society, and Human Behavior.

McGraw-Hill. Boston. 2008.

Ksir, Charles. Drug Use in Modern Society. McGraw-Hill.com. Retrieved April 6, 2008.  http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0072972262/230135/ksir11e_ch01.pdf

Abusing illegal drugs can give rise to crime and violence, even if they are used in an allegedly positive way to 'open up' and 'free' the mind. Even overusing antibiotics, and insisting upon taking them even though one's disease is likely caused by a virus can cause a rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and can impact general human health. However, refusing to take certain medical treatments, such as refusing to vaccinate one's child, can have negative social fallout, as can be seen in the increase of diseases that were once thought to be eradicated, such as mumps and measles. An untreated mental illness can have a profoundly deleterious effect for the sufferer and his or her family.
When antidepressants became popular during the 1990s, some questions were raised regarding the morality of taking them, as it was said that this could fundamentally change the personality, and even ran the risk of…...

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References

Antonuccio, David O., William G. Danton, Garland Y. DeNelsky, Roger P. Greenberg, James S.

Gordon. (1999). Raising questions about antidepressants. Psychotherapy Psychosomatic

68:3 -- 14. Retrieved May 15, 2011 at  http://psychrights.org/Research/Digest/AntiDepressants/Questions.pdf 

Berridge, Virginia. (1988). The origins of the English drug 'scene' 1899-1930. Medical History,

Drugs, ock Music and Developing Countries
Examining the effects of imported rock music on developing countries and its impact on violence and drug abuse is by no means a simple or straightforward task. One important factor is that this type of music overwhelmingly appeals to young people under age 30, and these are often the majority of the population in many developing nations, especially the Middle East and North Africa. To be sure, because of poor social and economic conditions, many of them cannot speak English and are not able to afford imported music or other cultural products. These types of imports most affect urban upper and middle class youth, who are also most likely to use the new Internet, social media and satellite TV technology. They have a great deal in common with their Western counterparts in that they are attracted to the rebellious nature of this musical form, and…...

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REFERENCES

Carovino, K. (1995). "Women and Substance Abuse: Issues and Implication" in Kirsch, H.W. (Ed) Drug Lessons and Education Programs in Developing Countries. Transaction Publishers, pp. 153-70.

Chouvy, P.A. And J. Meissonnier (2004). Yaa Baa: Production, Traffic, and Consumption of Methamphetamine in Mainland Southeast Asia. Singapore University Press.

Corwin, P. (2003). Doomed in Afghanistan: A UN Officer's Memoir of the Fall of Kabul and Najibullah's Failed Escape, 1992. Rutgers University Press.

Gerbner, G. (2001). "Drugs in Television, Movies and Music Videos" in Kalimpour and Rampal, pp. 69-76.

The legalization of cocaine in any field would only make it easier to get, and therefore raise levels of illicit use. Cocaine should continue to be a fully illegal substance.
2a. Barbiturates and benzodiazepines are usually administered at first in smaller dosages. Whether their use is legal or illegal, users usually begin with smaller amounts due the heavy risk of overdose. Because they are sedatives, there is always an increased risk of overdose with really no way to help oneself. These low doses eventually become less than what the user needs in order to maintain a certain level of intoxication. Therefore, the user then begins to slower bump up dosages in order to reach that previous level of intoxication. This then leads to higher and higher doses. Because this process takes so much time, the user may not even know he or she has become addicted to the substance. They…...

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References

Ksir, Charles, Hart, Carl L., & Ray, Oakley. (2008). Drugs, Society, and Human

Behavior, 12th ed. Boston-McGraw Hill.

Ksir, Charles. (2007). Drug Use in Modern Society. Boston-McGraw Hill.

"he program offers a unique advantage over many traditional surveys of drug use through its collection and testing1 of a urine sample from respondents to verify answers about recent drug use (Abt Associates Inc., 2009))."
Fry, Smith, Bruno, O'Keefe & Miller (2007). Benzodiazepine And Pharmaceutical Opioid Misuse And heir Relationship o Crime. Retrieved from http://www.ndlerf.gov.au/pub/Monograph_21.pdf

his source details the relationship between the prescription drugs benzodiazepine and pharmacological opioid use and crime. It gives particular detail to the selling of these drugs on the black market, and is based on information from informants, law enforcement and health practitioners in Australia. his is an excellent source for illustrating how even legalized drugs can contribute to the development of criminal activity. he purpose of this publication was to aid in the understanding and edification for law enforcement officials in this specialized area of illicit drug activity, and was financed by the Australian Government Department…...

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This source details the relationship between the prescription drugs benzodiazepine and pharmacological opioid use and crime. It gives particular detail to the selling of these drugs on the black market, and is based on information from informants, law enforcement and health practitioners in Australia. This is an excellent source for illustrating how even legalized drugs can contribute to the development of criminal activity. The purpose of this publication was to aid in the understanding and edification for law enforcement officials in this specialized area of illicit drug activity, and was financed by the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing as part of its support of the National Drug Strategy. "The purpose of this study was to contribute to the law enforcement sector's understanding of the relationship between benzodiazepine and pharmaceutical opioid use and crime, and the impact of this in three select Australian jurisdictions (Fry, Smith, Bruno, Okeefe, Miller, 2007)."

Klein, A.R. (2009). Practical Implications of Current Domestic Violence Research: For Law Enforcement, Prosecutors and Judges. Retrieved from  http://www.nij.gov/nij/topics/crime/intimate-partner-violence/practical-implications-research/ch3/drug-alcohol-abusers.htm 

This ePub from the National Institute of Justice focuses on domestic violence and common characteristics of both victims and perpetrators. Of particular interest to the relationship between drugs and crimes can be found in Chapter't 3's description of drug and alcohol abusers and their proclivities to domestic violence. This publication also present information regarding substance abuse as a risk factor as well as findings linking substance abuse and domestic violence to other crimes, for both the abused and their abusers. This publication underpins the relationship between illegal drugs and criminal activity by citing pertinent statistics which can be of use for examples to prove this inherent link between drugs and crime, as the following quotation demonstrates. "…a California study found alcohol or drugs, or both, were involved in 38% of the domestic violence incident arrests (Klein, 2009)." It was written by Andrew R. Klein (the Paul E. Beam Professor of Law at Indiana University's School of Law at Indianapolis) for the purpose of providing research to practitioners regarding the daily activities of domestic violence law enforcement officers, attorneys and judges.

Drugs
How Poverty Contributes to Drugs and Alcohol Abuse

There is a serious problem in the United States today with irresponsible use of alcohol and drugs. Hundreds of people die on a daily basis from drug and alcohol consumption, or from the effects of that consumption. For every direct victim, there are many others who suffer -- their friends and families. In order for society to overcome this problem, we must make an effort to understand the societal problems that contribute to it. This paper will discuss how poverty contributes to drug use in American adults.

The United States has a reputation as a rich country, yet approximately 1 in every 10 Americans lives below the national poverty line. People who live in poverty survive on incomes that the government deems too low to buy food, clothes, shelter and other basic needs. Many types of people live in poverty, including children and adults.…...

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Bibliography

IREX. (2003). Poverty. International Research & Exchanges Board Newsletter.

Massing, Michael. (September 20, 1999). A forum -- Beyond legalization: New ideas for ending the war on drugs. The Nation; Volume: 269; Issue: 8; p. 11-20

Ovenden, Kevin. (2002). Treating the real problem. Socialist Worker: p. 8.

Drugs
According to the FBI, LSD can be classified as a club drug. However, club drugs refer to a broad category of drugs that are used primarily by club goers to enhance their perceptual and cognitive experience. The category includes MDMA (ecstasy), ketamine (vitamin K), and ohypnol (roofies, or the date rape drug).

LSD is a powerful hallucinogenic, which lasts a long time. Most other club drugs do not last as long and most do not cause the same type of psychedelic experiences such as hallucinations.

esearch shows that about 628,000 individuals aged 12 or older use ecstasy each month (National Criminal Justice eference Service, 2013). These drugs account for about half of all drug-related E visits. The use of most drugs has remained steady or decreased, but the use of club drugs may have increased, depending on the set of statistics that is used (National Criminal Justice eference Service, 2013).

What (if anything)…...

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References

FBI (2013). Tips for parents: truth about club drugs. Retrieved online:  http://www.fbi.gov/scams-safety/clubdrugs 

National Criminal Justice Reference Service (2013). In the spotlight. Retrieved online: https://www.ncjrs.gov/spotlight/club_drugs/facts.html

Partnership for a Drug Free America (2013). Drug Guide. Retrieved online:  http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/methamphetamine

Drugs and Alcohol's Influence On Crime ates
There is a growing problem here in the United States, as well as around the world. Drug and alcohol use is skyrocketing out of control. On the one hand, many within modern society claim that it is their right to decide what they put in their own bodies and how they can behave. Yet, on the other, there is the much older view that alcohol and drugs can lead ordinary people to do unintended things that often lead to the commencement of a crime. In order to explore this issue further, this research begs the question: what is the relationship between drugs / alcohol and crime?

There is a large body of research on the topic of alcohol / drugs and how it impacts our behavior in negative ways. Within this research are studies examining the relationship between drugs / alcohol and crime? Within the…...

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References

Brochu, S.; Cournoyer, L.G.; Motiuk, L.; & Pernanen, K. (1999). Drugs, alcohol and crime: Patterns among Canadian federal inmates. Bulletin on Narcotics, L1(1). Web.  http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/bulletin/bulletin_1999-01-01_1_page006.html 

Hart, Timothy C. & Rennison, Callie. (2003). Reporting crime to the police, 1992-2000. Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report. U.S. Department of Justice. Web.  http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/rcp00.pdf 

Parker, Robert Nash & Auerhahn, Kathleen. (1998). Alcohol, drugs, and violence. Annual Review of Sociology, (24), 291-311.

Drugs Past and Current
Substance abuse is not new; throughout human history human beings have used and abused everything from alcohol to food to chemical and pharmaceutical substances. In fact, one of the main reasons for the nineteenth century progressivism movement to enact prohibition laws was to preserve the public health and to curtail the alcoholism problems rampant throughout the nation and especially on the estern frontier. Only a prohibition on narcotics remains, but these attempts to limit the sale and distribution of mind-altering substances has not at all limited use and abuse of those substances. In fact, recent substance abuse statistics and trends in the United States have become particularly severe. It seems that substance abuse is entrenched in North American society. Especially among adolescents, substance abuse can cause terrible mental and physical health problems and in many cases leads to accidental or deliberate drug-related deaths. In some cases, substance…...

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Works Cited

'High School and Youth Trends." (2004). National Institute on Drug Abuse. .

'Nationwide Trends." (2004). National Institute on Drug Abuse. .

"The War on Drugs." (2000). Salon.com. .

Drugs
What argument can you make for either the prohibition of or the continued legalization of caffeine and nicotine? What are some of the implications of either move?

Both caffeine and nicotine are legal drugs, and they should remain legal just as all drugs of all types should be legal. Caffeine is a "psychoactive stimulant drug," and it can be found in common foods and beverages such as coffee and soft drinks (p. 274). Nicotine is described as a "toxic, dependence-producing psychoactive drug found exclusively in tobacco," (p. 254). Although caffeine and especially nicotine are not necessarily healthy substances, using these drugs is a matter of personal choice. Similarly, using alcohol, cannabis, and doctor-prescribed medications is also a matter of personal choice and should be so. The implications of keeping caffeine and nicotine legal include allowing people to enjoy delicious beverages like coffee, which has a long and entrenched cultural history. Caffeine…...

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Reference

Levinthal, C.F. (2012). Drugs, Behavior, and Modern Society. 7th ed. Pearson.

Drugs in Holland, Canada, and the U.S.
Drugs in Holland

There are many misunderstandings about the use of drugs in the Netherlands, also known as Holland. The truth is that drugs as rule are not legal in Holland. According to the Government of the Netherlands, the sale of "soft drugs' in coffee shops is "tolerated"; in those coffee shops no alcohol may be sold or consumed. So the country allows people of age to come to coffee shops and buy and smoke marijuana (or hashish), but the smoking of marijuana is not permitted in public places like bars or restaurants.

Moreover, members of the public are not prosecuted "…for possession or use of small quantities of soft drugs," the Government of the Netherlands explains on the government's website. hat does the government consider "soft drugs"? The "Opium Act" sets the record straight as to what soft drugs are juxtaposed with hard drugs.

Hard drugs…...

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Works Cited

Governing. (2015). State Marijuana Laws Map. Retrieved May 19, 2015, from  http://www.governing.com .

Government of the Netherlands. (2014). Drugs / Difference between hard and soft drugs.

Retrieved May 19, 2015, from  http://www.government.nl .

Government of the UK. (2012). Drugs penalties. Retrieved May 19, 2015, from  http://www.gov.uk .

The euphoric cocaine high is very addictive and in experiments on laboratory animals, mice and chimpanzees given the choice between food and cocaine typically prefer cocaine to such an extent that they will ignore the lever rewarding them with food and continually select the lever that provides cocaine until they die of starvation. In the 1970s and 1980s, cocaine became an extremely popular recreational drug in the U.S. partly because of the social perception that it was the drug choice of the wealthy elite. It was sold and consumed by club goers and was available at upscale parties about the same way that ecstasy has become a popular club drug today. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, a new from of cocaine was introduced that produced an even more powerful and more addictive high. "Free base" cocaine is the product of a chemical process in which certain molecules…...

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References Schmalleger, F. (2007). Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century. Hoboken, NJ: Prentice Hall

Your Thoughts/Feelings About Giving Something Up & What You Learned and How it Applies to the Overall Concept of Addicition

It is quite amazing to think about the freedoms and opportunities each person really has, regardless of his or her situation. For instance, many people often complain about being forced to stay at work or required to show up for a certain meeting. While these people may be recognize that they must stay at the job or they will be fired or they are required to show up for a meeting if they do not want to face adverse career circumstances, people are not really forced to do many things. In frustrating situations, it is well within most people's power to simply walk out of the door. But something else compels people to stay in many situations that are less than perfect.

By giving something up, I know now how hard it…...

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References

Pavlina, Steve. (2005). How to Give Up Coffee. Retrieved June 24, 2008, at  http://www.stevepavlina.com/blog/2005/05/how-to-give-up-coffee/ .

Di Justo, Patrick. (2007). What's Inside: Red Bull. Retrieved June 24, 2008, at  http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/magazine/15-07/st_redbull .

Griffiths, R.R., Juliano, L.M., & Chausmer, a.L. (2003). Caffeine pharmacology and clinical effects. in: Graham a.W., Schultz T.K., Mayo-Smith M.F., Ries R.K. & Wilford, B.B. (eds.) Principles of Addiction Medicine, Third Edition (pp. 193-224). Chevy Chase, MD: American Society of Addiction.

Stockton, Trent. (2004). Caffeine Withdrawal Recognized as a Disorder. Retrieved June 24, 2008 at  http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/Press_releases/2004/09_29_04.html .

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Writing an essay about drug abuse, it is important to start by distinguishing it from drug usage. Most people use some type of drugs casually or recreationally.  Whether it is a morning caffeine fix, a glass of wine with dinner, over-the-counter painkillers when a headache strikes, or some recreational marijuana, substances are a part of everyday life.  While using drugs may be an acceptable way to relax, to ease pain, or to handle other issues, drug abuse can have profoundly negative effects on a person’s life.

Unfortunately, there is not a bright-line between drug use and drug abuse. ....

We are starting with the assumption that the two movies in your assignment are A Twist of Faith and Never Heard.  We cannot locate a movie called Never Hear, but Never Heard is a popular movie for pastoral or theological classes because it explores the role that faith plays in redemption set against the backdrop of some pretty significant criminal activity.  We are proceeding as if that is the movie being discussed.

Both of the movies focus on crimes, specifically on the crime of murder.  In one movie, the main character is accused of murder, though he claims....

The concept of self-care has never been more important than it is now, when a pandemic has shut down much of the globe and external stressors are unlike anything most people have seen in their lifetimes.  Generally, when people discuss self-care inside the topic of mental health, they are referring to the importance of caregivers engaging in self-care.  This makes it an excellent topic for a narrative essay, because of how narrative essays are structured.

The concept of self-care is an important one. People who are responsible for helping care for those who....